The main stages of the correction process using the projective drawing method:<\/p>\n
– preliminary orientation stage (acquaintance with the circumstances, visual materials, study of limitations in use);<\/p>\n
– choice of topic, emotional involvement in the drawing process;<\/p>\n
– search for adequate forms of detection;<\/p>\n
– the development of forms in the direction of a more complete, deepest self-identification, concretization;<\/p>\n
– conflict resolution of the traumatic situation in a symbolic form.<\/p>\n
Projective drawing is considered by some authors as an auxiliary method in group work. It allows you to diagnose and interpret communication difficulties, emotional problems. The topics of the drawings are chosen so that the participants can express their feelings and thoughts. The method allows you to work with feelings that the subject is not aware of for one reason or another.<\/p>\n
In projective drawing, the following forms of work are used:<\/p>\n
1. Free drawing (everyone draws at will) or on a given or self-selected topic. 30 minutes are allotted for drawing, then the pictures are discussed).<\/p>\n
2. Communicative drawing (the group is divided into pairs, each has its own sheet of paper, each pair draws together on an indefinite topic, while, as a rule, verbal contacts are involved, teenagers communicate using images, lines, colors).<\/p>\n
3. Joint drawing: several participants (or the whole group) silently draw on one sheet (for example, the group, its development, mood, atmosphere in the group). After the drawing is completed, the participation of each member of the group, the nature of his contribution to the drawing, and the features of interaction with other participants are discussed).<\/p>\n
4. Additional drawing: the drawing is passed in a circle – one begins to draw, the other continues, something complements.<\/p>\n
The discussion of the author’s drawing by the group members begins with a story about what the author wanted to depict, how others understand his intention, what feelings arise from the drawing.<\/p>\n
Therefore, the method of art therapy in correctional work is important because the child in the picture conveys his feelings, emotions, mood, which are difficult for him to express. With the help of art therapy, you can find out what worries a teenager, what is his attitude towards parents, relatives, friends, whether he has low self-esteem.<\/p>\n
Music therapy as a method of psychocorrection for children with special needs. In the practical activity of a social pedagogue, music therapy has a special place as one of the methods for increasing social activity, developing the communicative abilities of an individual, and adequately socializing him in society. In addition, it is a method of correcting functional motor, psychogenic or social deviations, since through specific forms and means it affects people with social, mental and somatic deviations; is a source of activating creativity and social stimulation, which has a positive effect on the emotional and volitional sphere of a person. Each of the elements of music therapy, no matter what form of expression it may have (vocal, instrumental, speech, motor or visual), enters into a specific connection with the individual. The impact of music does not depend on the age, education, profession, social or national identity of the individual.<\/p>\n
The educational power of music, according to practitioners, is that it enhances emotional perception and creates a special attitude to certain moments and situations in a person’s life. The spiritual impulses and impulses that appear at the same time influence its character. Music provokes nerve centers. The heart rate and the work of the respiratory organs, as well as the nutrition of the tissues of the body, depend on the tone and strength of the sounds. Foreign researchers distinguish the following mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of music: catharsis, emotional state, increased accessibility for conscious experience of psycho- and socio-dynamic processes. The purpose of music therapy is to penetrate into the deep spheres of the personality, which cannot be reached with the help of a word.<\/p>\n
The main aspects of the application of music therapy:<\/p>\n
– blocking the process of communication with the social environment;<\/p>\n
– preparation for the use of psychotherapy and relaxation;<\/p>\n
– support for relaxation associated with autogenic training:<\/p>\n
– overcoming anxiety, correction of asthenia, irritability, internal tensions, caused by stressful conditions.<\/p>\n
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